Coating the porous Al2O3 substrate with a natural mineral of Nontronite-15A for fabrication of hydrogen-permeable palladium membranes

Substrate surface modification is a key pretreatment during fabrication of composite palladium membranes for hydrogen purification in hydrogen energy applications. The suspension of a natural porous material, Nontronite-15A mineral, without any organic additives was employed in dip-coating of the porous Al₂O₃ substrate. The Nontronite-15A mineral was characterized by SEM, XRD, TG−DSC and granulometry analysis. The surface and cross-section of the coated porous Al₂O₃ tubes were observed by SEM, and their pore size distribution and nitrogen flux were also measured. Palladium membranes were fabricated over the coated Al₂O₃ tubes by a suction-assisted electroless plating. The optimal loading amount of the Nontronite-15A mineral is just to fill in and level up the surface cavities of the Al₂O₃ substrate rather than to form an extra continuous layer. A thin and selective palladium membrane was successfully obtained, and its permeation performances were tested. The kinetic analyses on the hydrogen flux indicate that the hydrogen permeation behavior exhibits typical characteristics for most of the palladium membranes. During the stability test at 450 °C for 192 h, no membrane damage was detected, and the hydrogen flux increased slightly.     

Protective properties of cataphoretic epoxy coating on aluminium alloy AA6060 modified with electrodeposited Ce-based coatings: Effect of post-treatment

Ce-based conversion coatings (CeCCs) are a promising alternative to toxic chromate coatings on the metal substrates. In this work the CeCCs were electrodeposited on aluminium alloy AA6060 from aqueous solution of Ce(NO₃)₃ at different potentials (−0.95 V, −1.2 V and −1.4 V). Effect of deposition potential and post-treatment in the phosphate solution on morphology and protective properties of CeCCs with top cataphoretic epoxy coating was studied. To assess the differences between the protective systems, originating from the different CeCCs pre-treatments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization measurements, AFM and SEM/EDS analysis were used. The EIS study was undertaken to follow the evolution of corrosion behaviour of epoxy coating/CeCCs protective systems over prolonged time of exposure to the chloride environment (3 wt.% NaCl). Results suggest significantly improved corrosion stability of epoxy coating on AA6060 with as-deposited CeCCs sub-layers with respect to the same epoxy coatings with phosphate post-treated CeCCs. The far best protective properties, i.e., the greatest value of pore resistance and the lowest value of corrosion current density were provided by the epoxy coating/CeCC protective system with CeCC deposited at −1.2 V and without post-treatment.     

A novel water-based epoxy coating using self-doped polyaniline–clay synthesized under supercritical CO2 condition for the protection of carbon steel against corrosion

The synthesis of a polyaniline–clay nanocomposite (PAniC NC) was achieved using the in situ polymerization of aniline in a Cloisite^® 30B nanoclay suspension in a supercritical CO₂ (Sc-CO₂) medium. The interfacial co-polymerization of aniline (ANI) and m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (SAN) in the presence of Cloisite^® 30B was performed in Sc-CO₂/water to produce the SPANI-clay NC. The NC was then mixed with a water-based hardener. This water-based composite is developed with the goal of reducing environmental and health risks. The use of this Sc-CO₂ technique produced a composite material that resulted in the enhanced protection of carbon steel against corrosion when compared to a similar composite synthesized under atmospheric conditions. The materials obtained were characterized using UV/visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The anti-corrosion performance and the adhesion properties of these coatings were evaluated using standardized tests. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used to determine the electrochemical properties of these anti-corrosion coatings. Better exfoliation and dispersion of the clay was achieved using the Sc-CO₂ medium resulting in superior performances in corrosion and electrochemical tests because of the higher level of intercalation.     

Spray coating process variable and property analysis of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coating on polycarbonate substrate

A series of spray coating experiments were conducted on an UV-curable, polyurethane-modified, acrylate-based coating formulation with the aim to control defects, coating thickness, and thickness variation. Statistical approaches including design of experiment, residual examination, analysis of variance, and t-test were used in designing the experiments and analyzing data. Viscosity of formulation, atomizing pressure, liquid feeding pressure, distance between nozzle and substrate, and travel speed of substrate were the process variables studied. The ranges of process variables that gave defect-free coating were identified and used in the subsequent experiments to determine process variables and interactions that had significant contribution to the changes in coating thickness and thickness variation. All process variables studied were found to have contribution to the change in coating thickness, but they showed no significant contribution to the variation of coating thickness. No interaction displayed significant contribution. Confirmation tests performed on extra samples prepared with varying coating thicknesses indicated a good agreement with the experimental results. Additional samples were tested for total transmittance, transmission haze, adhesion, surface roughness, hardness, scratch hardness, abrasion resistance, and durability to attack of car wash chemicals. Spray coated samples showed slight improvement in the total transmittance over the uncoated samples, while maintaining the transmission haze and exhibiting rougher surfaces. Only samples with thin coatings were found to possess sufficient adhesion to the substrate. These thin coatings gave improved hardness, scratch hardness, and durability to car wash attack to the level comparable to commercial coated polycarbonate headlamp lenses, whilst giving better abrasion resistance.     

内燃机活塞环表面处理技术

活塞环在内燃机中有着支撑、密闭、储油、导热的作用,内燃机活塞环制备材料应该具备优良的加工性能、耐高温、耐腐蚀、导热性好且具有良好的强韧性,较好的与气缸材料表面的磨合性能。球墨铸铁和专用钢材已经成为制备内燃机活塞环的基础材料,目前国内外采用多种表面处理技术比如:镀铬、氮化、PVD与CVD镀膜、喷钼、喷涂陶瓷层等表面处理工艺进行表面改性,提高内燃机活塞环的使用寿命和使用性能。需要不断研究和开发新的内燃机活塞环的表面处理技术来满足实际生产和应用中内燃机越来越高的要求。     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper (BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

Corrosion-resistance,robust and wear-durable highly amphiphobic polymer based composite coating via a simple spraying approach

This study successfully developed a simple spray approach to fabricate a robust highly amphiphobic poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite coating with high-performance in corrosion-resistance, wear-durable through designing the nano/micro two-tier roughness and fluorinating with materials of the low surface free energy. The highly amphiphobic and tribological properties of the coatings were measured by the contact angle meter and the pin-on-disc tribometer, respectively. It was interested to observe that the composite coating showed superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic simultaneously, with the highest contact angles of water, glycerine and ethylene glycol up to 173 ± 2.1°, 142 ± 2.2° and 139 ± 2.1°, respectively. Moreover, the surfaces of the PPS/FEP composite coatings were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS). The robust highly amphiphobic coating also showed remarkable durability against strong acid and strong alkali in the pH range from 1 to 14. After 47 h sliding wear test, no failure sign on the PPS/45%FEP/PDMS composite coating was observed. Such unique characteristics were attributed to the synergistic effect of the nano/micro two-tier roughness and fluorinating with low surface free energy groups (–CF₂–, –CF₃–).     

Characterization of a plasma polymer coating from an organophosphorus silane deposited at atmospheric pressure for fire-retardant purposes

Protective coatings from diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane (DEPETS) have been deposited on different polymer substrates in a plasma discharge operated at atmospheric pressure. Plasma polymer chemistry and structure were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A chemical structure of the plasma polymer has been proposed based on the coating molecular characterization. Coatings were deposited on polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide 6 (PA6) substrates. The flame retardant properties of coated substrate samples were assessed using cone calorimetry and compared to those of bare substrates. A significant increase in the time to ignition (TTI), up to +143%, was recorded after coating deposition due to the formation of a high-performance barrier layer at the surface of both polymer substrates.     

A novel ultra-high-temperature oxidation protective MoSi2-TaSi2 ceramic coating for tantalum substrate

To protect refractory metal against oxidation at ultra-high temperatures, a MoSi₂-TaSi₂ ceramic coating was prepared on a pure tantalum (Ta) substrate using a novel three-step process, which included dip-coating with a molybdenum slurry, vacuum sintering, and halide-activated pack cementation (HAPC). The original coating had a MoSi₂-TaSi₂ double-layer structure from the surface to the substrate. After oxidation at 1700°C for 8 h in air, the coating exhibited a complex multi-layer structure composed of SiO₂-Mo₅Si₃-MoSi₂-(Mo,Ta)₅Si₃-TaSi₂-Ta₅Si₃ from the outer layer to the inner layer, due to the high-temperature phase transition and diffusion of Si and O. The coating effectively protected the Ta substrate at 1700°C for 12 h without failure, thereby demonstrating great improvement to its service life in an ultra-high-temperature aerobic environment. The protective effect was attributed to the integrity of the ceramic coating and the formation of a dense, uniform SiO₂ film that effectively lowered the inward oxygen diffusion rate.     

Color evolution during a coating process of pharmaceutical tablet cores by random spraying

Placebo white tablet cores (lactose anhydrous [47.6%], corn starch [23.8%], microcrystalline cellulose [19.1%], polyvinylpyrrolidone [7.9%], magnesium stearate [0.8%], and talcum powder [0.8%]) were coated with a colorant (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [8% w/v], titanium dioxide [0.2% w/v], FD&C yellow No. 6 with aluminum lacquer [0.8% w/v], polyethylene glycol 4000 [0.4% w/v], and purified water [q.s.p. 100 mL]) using a random spraying method during 130 minutes. During the coating process, batches of 21 samples were extracted every 10 minutes and measured with a DigiEye imaging system. The initial cores showed very similar and uniform colors (Mean Color Difference from the Mean [MCDM] of 0.8 CIELAB units), but partially coated tablets showed lower uniformity (MCDM below 2.0 CIELAB units). There was a high color variability (MCDM about 4.0 CIELAB units) among tablets of the same batch in the period between 10 and 30 minutes, which decreased as the coating process progressed, until achieving a final acceptable value (MCDM below 2.0 CIELAB units). During the coating process, L^* decreased, C^*_ab strongly increased, and h _ab remained nearly constant (disregarding results at 0 and 10 minutes). CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color differences (mainly chroma differences) with respect to the initial color of the tablets were modeled as a function of time by exponential functions with three coefficients. The color change in the interval from 90 to 130 minutes (4.3 CIELAB units, or 2.6 CIEDE2000 units), may be considered negligible bearing in mind the color variability in the batches of 21 samples and typical values of visual color thresholds.